Zeeman-Doppler imaging

photo: Surface magnetic field of SU Aur (a young star of T Tauri type), reconstructed by means of Zeeman-Doppler Imaging

In astrophysics, Zeeman-Doppler imaging is a tomographic technique dedicated to the cartography of stellar magnetic fields.

This method makes use of the ability of magnetic fields to polarize the light emitted (or absorbed) in spectral lines formed in the stellar atmosphere (the Zeeman effect). The periodic modulation of Zeeman signatures during the stellar rotation is employed to make an iterative reconstruction of the vectorial magnetic field at stellar surface.

This techniques is based on the principle of maximum entropy image reconstruction; it yields the simplest magnetic field geometry (as a spherical harmonics expansion) among the various solutions compatible with the data.

This technique is the first to enable the reconstruction of the vectorial magnetic geometry of stars similar to the Sun. It is now offering the opportunity to undertake systematic studies of stellar magnetism and is also yielding information on the geometry of large arches that magnetic fields are able to develop above stellar surfaces. To collect the observations related to Zeeman-Doppler Imaging, astronomers use stellar spectropolarimeters like ESPaDOnS at CFHT on Mauna Kea (Hawaii), as well as NARVAL at Bernard Lyot Telescope (Pic du Midi de Bigorre, France).